These archives, the most closed, fall outside of the Rosarkhiv system and are managed by specific ministries, agencies, organizations or state companies. Though they hold important collections particularly for research on the security services, army, industry, diplomacy and medicine, they are notoriously difficult, even impossible to access. Access typically requires special permission or formal requests to higher-level institutions like ministries or the Prosecutor General. Below are a few key departmental archives.
- FSB Central Archive (Moscow): Case files from state security agencies (Cheka, OGPU, NKVD, KGB), records of repressed individuals and agent/informant reports.
- Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense (Podolsk, Moscow Oblast): Holdings on the military history of the USSR and Russia in the 20th and 21st centuries, including combat reports, orders, casualty lists, officer personnel files and service record sheets.
- Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Moscow): Diplomatic documents, international agreements, correspondence of Soviet and Russian ambassadors; materials on international relations, Soviet diplomacy and foreign policy.
- Archive of the Russian Orthodox Church (Moscow, Sergiev Posad): Documents of church administration, correspondence with state authorities, and materials on parish closures and clergy. Some overlapping materials can be found in the Central Historical Archive of the Institute of Russian History (TsIA IRI RAN).
- Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, St Petersburg): Key sources on the history of science, academic institutions, scientific expeditions and scholars’ correspondence. Includes numerous personal collections of scientists, laboratory notebooks and academic correspondence from the 18th to 20th centuries.